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This wiki has been updated 18 times since it was first published in December of 2016. Unlike their mechanical hard disk counterparts, which can wear out and fail the more they're used, these portable, external SSDs benefit from greater speed and performance without any moving parts to malfunction. They feature cores of flash memory designed to store large amounts of personal data reliably within very small cases that can be taken anywhere.When users buy our independently chosen editorialrecommendations,we may earn commissions tohelp fund the Wiki.Skip to. This wiki has been updated 18 times since it was first published in December of 2016.
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Unlike their mechanical hard disk counterparts, which can wear out and fail the more they're used, these portable, external SSDs benefit from greater speed and performance without any moving parts to malfunction. They feature cores of flash memory designed to store large amounts of personal data reliably within very small cases that can be taken anywhere.When users buy our independently chosen editorialrecommendations,we may earn commissions tohelp fund the Wiki.Skip to. Editor's NotesJune 02, 2019:We've reached a point where external drives are about as fast as internal drives. For example, the OWC Envoy Pro, and to a slightly lesser degree the Samsung X5, offer blazing-fast speeds in both directions using the Thunderbolt 3 protocol.
Of course, they are pretty expensive. In the mid-range, Samsung's T5 is hard to beat, while SanDisk's Extreme, Sabrent's Rocket, and G-Technology's G-Drive Mobile are just barely behind it in terms of performance. Western Digital's My Passport is one of the most affordable, and Adata's top offering is a great choice because of its great combination of low cost, high performance, and incredible durability.For something a little different, check out the Glyph Dock, which is (surprise) a full-featured dock with an SSD inside it. If you need an all-in-one connectivity solution and your PC has Thunderbolt 3 capability, that's the one for you. Finally, if you don't need a ton of space, check out the Seagate Fast, which is offered in a 250-gigabyte version for less than $100.
Every time a computer boots up, it processes countless ones and zeros. Every character typed, sound produced, and video played is the result of a combination of binary data. There's so much data involved in every process that, naturally, some data is best saved for later.
But when your computer isn't actively processing that information, where is it stored? Long ago, the answer was made clear: on a.In 1956, if you had the space equivalent to two refrigerators, as well as access to cutting-edge research labs, you could have used the to store your data. Pick your number one favorite song to archive, though, because it offered a whopping 3.75 megabytes of storage space — considerably less than a modern Blu-ray release. Multiple companies continued to further the realm of long-term storage, but it would be over three decades before these drives would become more than a high-end novelty and see widespread use.As technology marched forward, the modern hard drive form factors were solidified.
For a few decades now, 3.5' and 2.5' units have been standard in desktops and portable computers, respectively. What has really changed is the way some of those drives store and read memory.
Recent advances have made, or SSDs, available for use by many consumers. This evolution has provided us with great opportunities for speed and reliability of storage in the modern computing era.
What Makes Solid State Drives So Solid?Let's start off with the concept of volatile vs. Non-volatile memory. Volatile memory requires a constant power source in order to retain what's stored on its circuits.
Your PC's RAM (Random Access Memory) is a perfect example of this. This is, of course, incompatible with long-term storage, which has to remain digitally recorded even when the computer is turned off. Non-volatile memory, on the other hand, can store information until the cell is rewritten or until the drive itself wears out. For this reason, engineers have been developing larger, faster, and more reliable non-volatile options for decades.This fundamental difference in construction makes a number of improvements over the traditional HDD design.Traditional hard disk drives (HDDs) utilize multiple magnetically sensitive disks whose charges are altered on a microscopic level by a laser at the end of a mechanical arm. The disks spin, the arm reads and writes data, and the drive communicates with the system's chipset. Solid state drives, however, have zero moving parts.
Their memory is comprised of many cells of flash memory strung together. This type of memory has the advantage of being completely electronic. Because of that, it can eschew the mechanical parts of the process while retaining its stored memory — even when the power is cut.This fundamental difference in construction makes a number of improvements over the traditional HDD design.
One huge advantage of SSDs is their durability. With no motor, no bearings, and no mechanical arm to worry about, these units can take significantly more physical use without showing signs of. This has obvious benefits to people whose usage demands more durable tools that can take some abuse. Even this author has felt the sting of personal documents being lost at the drop of a laptop — it's not a good feeling.
Solid-state technology can help prevent such heartbreak, especially in portable devices. Why Should I Buy In?While the durability of flash-based, long-term data storage is a great boon to many, one of the most important things SSDs offer is pure speed. Electrons travel faster through superconductors than mechanical parts do across surfaces, so it's no surprise that a lack of moving parts leads to higher read and write times. In fact, the entire contents of a modern Blu-ray release, roughly 50 gigabytes, can be transferred by one of these beasts in under a minute.There's one note that we should make at this point: don't be confused by hybrid solid state drives.The problem is that high-capacity NAND-based drives can, sometimes, be awfully pricey. They're fast and reliable, sure, but they cost a pretty penny.
Not everyone with a highly portable computing setup can afford a four-terabyte internal drive to share their massive video-editing archives with their. But video editors, engineers, and media executives always need portable access to high-resolution video and audio files and massive data caches at extreme speed. Also, you can purge flash-oriented storage much more easily, streamlining confidential use for security firms or government arms. For those reasons, portable SSDs are flourishing now more than ever.There's one note that we should make at this point: don't be confused by hybrid solid state drives. These use a large flash-memory cache to coordinate the data drawn from multiple, smaller, traditional HDD faces.
These lose most of the advantages of portable, fully solid-state models, although they do offer a speed increase over. Because they're more expensive than the traditional HDD but lower-performing than actual SSDs, they haven't become very popular.Completely solid-state units, however, are so capable that they can support entire operating systems (even dual-booting via separate partitions) and serve as alternate boot drives for any system, starting up in the blink of an eye. Using the newest, fastest protocols in connectivity helps, too. Remember that sub-one-minute Blu-ray transfer time?
Support from the top models available lets you do exactly that with the most popular plug-and-play connection standard in the world.With all of today's advancements in engineering and consumer awareness, many companies have provided models that are perfect for the constantly commuting executive or the rock-climbing videographer. With terabytes of resilient, high-speed storage options available, you're sure to find one that suits your specific needs.
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Last updated on June 03, 2019 byBuilding PCs, remodeling, and cooking since he was young, quasi-renowned trumpeter Christopher Thomas traveled the USA performing at and organizing shows from an early age. His work experiences led him to open a catering company, eventually becoming a sous chef in several fine LA restaurants. He enjoys all sorts of barely necessary gadgets, specialty computing, cutting-edge video games, and modern social policy. He has given talks on debunking pseudoscience, the Dunning-Kruger effect, culinary technique, and traveling. After two decades of product and market research, Chris has a keen sense of what people want to know and how to explain it clearly. He delights in parsing complex subjects for anyone who will listen - because teaching is the best way to ensure that you understand things yourself. Thanks for reading the fine print.
About the Wiki: We don't accept sponsorships,free goods, samples, promotional products, or other benefits from any of the product brands featured on this page, exceptin cases where those brands are manufactured by the retailer to which we are linking.For our full ranking methodology, please read about us, linked below. The Wiki is a participant in associate programsfrom Amazon, Walmart, Ebay, Target, and others, and may earn advertising feeswhen you use our links to these websites. These fees will not increase your purchase price,which will be the same as any direct visitor to the merchant’s website.If you believe that your product should be includedin this review, you may contact us, but we cannot guarantee a response, even if you send us flowers.
As computers, particularly laptops, continue to get smaller, components such as storage drives needed to also get correspondingly smaller. With the introduction of, it became a bit easier to place them in ever thinner designs like but the problem then was continuing to use the industry standard SATA interface.
Eventually, the mSATA interface was designed to create a thin profile card that could still interact with the. The problem now is that the SATA 3.0 standards are limiting the performance of SSDs. In order to correct these issues, a new form of compact card interface needed to be developed. Originally called the NGFF (Next Generation Form Factor), the new interface has finally be standardized into the new M.2 drive interface under the SATA version 3.2 specifications. While size is, of course, a factor in developing the new interface, the speed of the drives is just as critical. The SATA 3.0 specifications restricted real-world bandwidth of an SSD on the drive interface to around 600MB/s, something that many drives have now reached.
The SATA 3.2 specifications introduced a new mixed approach for the M.2 interface just like it did with. In essence, a new M.2 card can use either the existing SATA 3.0 specifications and be restricted to the 600MB/s or it could instead elect to use that provides a bandwidth of 1GB/s under the current PCI-Express 3.0 standards.
Now that 1GB/s speed is for a single PCI-Express lane. It is possible to use multiple lanes and under the M.2 SSD specification, up to four lanes can be used. Using two lanes would provide 2.0GB/s while four lanes can provide up to 4.0GB/s. With the eventual release of PCI-Express 4.0, these speeds would double. Now not all systems are going to achieve these speeds. The M.2 drive and interface on the computer have to be set up in the same mode. The M.2 interface is designed to use either legacy SATA mode or the newer PCI-Express modes but the drive will pick which one to use.
For instance, an M.2 drive designed with SATA legacy mode will be restricted to that 600MB/s speed. Now, the M.2 drive can be compatible with PCI-Express up to 4 lanes (x4) but the computer only uses two lanes (x2). This would result in maximum speeds of just 2.0GB/s. So to get the most speed possible, you will need to check both what the drive and the computer or motherboard support. One of the goals of the M.2 drive design was to reduce the overall size of the storage device. This is achieved in one of several different ways. First, they did make the cards narrower than the previous mSATA form factor.
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M.2 cards are just 22mm wide compared to the 30mm of mSATA. The cards can also be shorted as just 30mm long compared to the 50mm of mSATA.
The difference is that the M.2 cards also support longer lengths of up to 110mm which means that it can actually be bigger which provides more space for chips and thus higher capacities. In addition to the length and width of the cards, there is also the option for either single sided or double sided M.2 boards. Why the two different thicknesses? Well, single-sided boards provide a very thin profile and are useful for ultrathin laptops.
A double-sided board, on the other hand, allows for twice as many chips to be installed on an M.2 board for greater storage capacities which is useful for compact desktop applications where space isn't as critical. The problem is that you need to be aware of what kind of M.2 connector is on the computer in addition to space for the length of the card. Most laptops will only use a single-sided connector which means that they cannot use double sided M.2 cards. For more than a decade, SATA has made storage for computers plug and play.
This is thanks to the very simple to use interface but also because of the AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) command structure. This is a way that the computer can communicate instructions with the storage devices. It is built into all of the modern operating systems and thus not require any additional drivers be installed into the operating system when we add new drives.
It has worked great but it was developed in the era of hard drives that have a limited ability to process instructions because of the physical nature of the drive heads and platters. A single command queue with 32 commands was sufficient. The problem is that solid state drives can do so much more but are restricted by the AHCI drivers. While this is great, there is a bit of a problem.
AHCI is built into all modern operating systems but NVMe is not. In order to get the most potential out of the drives, drivers must be installed on top of the existing operating systems to use this new command mode. That is a problem for many people on older operating systems.
Thankfully the M.2 drive specification allows either of the two modes to be used. This makes adoption of the new interface easier with existing computers and technologies by using the AHCI command structure. Then, as the support for the NVMe command structure gets improved into the software, the same drives can be used with this new command mode. Just be warned that switching between the two modes will require that the drives be reformatted. Mobile computers have limited running times based on the size of their batteries and the power drawn by the various components. Solid state drives provided some significant reductions in the energy consumption of the storage component such that they have improved battery life but there is room for improvement.
Since the M.2 SSD interface is part of the SATA 3.2 specifications, it also includes some other features beyond just the interface. This includes a new feature called DevSleep. As more and more systems are designed to go into a sleep mode when closed or turned off rather than powering completely down, there is a constant draw on the battery to keep some data active for quick recovery when the devices is woken up. Reduces the amount of power used by devices like M.2 SSDs by creating a new lower power state.
This should help extend the running time for those systems put to sleep rather than powered down between uses. The M.2 interface is a great addition to computer storage and the ability to improve the performance of our computers. There is a slight problem with the early implementation of it though. To get the best performance from the new interface, the computer must use the PCI-Express bus, otherwise, it runs just the same as any existing SATA 3.0 drive. This doesn't seem like a big deal but it actually is a problem with many of the first few motherboards that use the feature. SSD drives offer the best experience when they are used as the root or boot drive.
The problem is that the existing Windows software has an issue with many drives booting from the PCI-Express bus rather than from SATA. This means that having an M.2 drive using PCI-Express while fast won't be the primary drive where the operating system or programs are installed.
The result is a fast data drive but not the boot drive. Not all computers and operating systems have this issue. For instance, Apple has developed OS X to use the PCI-Express bus for root partitions. This is because Apple switched their SSD drives to PCI-Express in the 2013 MacBook Air before the M.2 specifications were finalized. Microsoft has updated Windows 10 to fully support the new PCI-Express and NVMe drives if the hardware it is running on can as well. Older versions of Windows may be able to if the hardware is supported and external drivers are installed.
Another area of concern particularly with pertains to how the M.2 interface is connected to the rest of the system. You see there are a limited number of PCI-Express lanes between the processor and the rest of the computer. In order to use a PCI-Express compatible M.2 card slot, the motherboard manufacturer must take those PCI-Express lanes away from other components on the system. How those PCI-Express lanes are divided up between the devices on the boards is a major concern.
For instance, some manufacturers share the PCI-Express lanes with SATA ports. Thus, using the M.2 drive slot may take away upwards of four SATA slots. In other cases. The M.2 may share those lanes with other PCI-Express expansion slots.
Be sure to check how the board is designed to make sure using the M.2 will not interfere with the potential use of other SATA, or drives or other expansion cards.
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